Internet Marketing: A blessing or a curse Essay

Internet marketing is a phenomenon that was introduced recently due to the sudden boom in the usage of internet. People have not only become used to the internet and its ease, in fact, they have become so reliant and dependant on it that it can qualify as an addiction these days. Now, life without internet has become unimaginable for all age groups and backgrounds (Benkler, 2006). This is something that marketers capitalized on. Marketers aim to reach their consumers and catch their attention in whatever way possible through whatever medium that is the most effective and efficient. Every target market/segment uses internet; that is, the entire customer base is available to the marketer online; thus, using the internet as a platform to promote their product is nothing but a wise idea. Marketers had flooded the television, thinking that customers are now more easily available on the TV compared to newspapers and posters. As strange as it may sound, gradually, the amount of people of ages 18 – 26 watching TV has reduced (Ginster, 2005). Viewing of TV shows, movies and programs are easier online on either the home website or Youtube because of the ease of timing and general conveniences. Thus, at the end of the day, it is all about internet marketing if a marketer wants the product to succeed (Malan, 2006). The reason for this is that there is a product purchase journey which has steps such as familiarization and awareness as the first ones – the internet is used as a medium to instil the familiarity and position the product in the appropriate manners in the heads of the potential customers. (Mangold & Faulds) Internet marketing’s basic tools are emails, websites, advertisements on various websites, youtube, social media like Facebook and Twitter. However, it is not limited to these tools – when an online record of all the customers is kept to provide them with better customized and personalized service, this is called an Electronic Customer Relationship Management Database. This has become more and more critical today because of the increasingly sharper customers each day who need to be provided with value and will not settle for something that does not meet the expectations and the promise made by the companies. Blessings  Internet marketing has helped companies cut down on their advertising budgets and save up a lot of finances that were earlier utilized for heavy marketing all over the cities and countries. However, in the case of internet marketing, every customer, no matter which corner of the world they are physically present at can access the same advertisement and look at the brochures etc. The geographical advantage helps the marketers a lot, but not just them (Bove, 2000). The customers are also at an advantage because they can look at the product, research on it and purchase it according to their convenience. This also increases the purchasing frequency of the customers along with the speed of transaction, creating an advantage for the company (Story, 2008) Another advantage is that the marketers do not need to worry about keeping a track or record of all the transactions. There is an automatic electronic record generated as and when activity takes place. There are several methods of doing that – per click, per purchase, per action etc. This way, the statistics can help the marketers figure out what is more popular amongst the customers. In a way, via internet marketing, the marketer can receive feedback about the campaign instantly and make amendments and more appealing (Czepiel, 1990) Tools like Facebook, Twitters, Linkedin are used so much by almost everybody that even if the marketer gives one single ad to be placed right next to a Facebook page, a huge difference can be made. Curse In a way, internet marketing creates a barrier between those users who have a fast internet connection and those who own a slower one. These advertisements sometimes have pictures and videos which are heavy to download and cannot be accessed with a low quality internet connection. In some areas, the internet is always low – thus, this in a way limits the customer market and the number of people they can target. (Anonymous, 2008) The establishment and installation of internet marketing as a system in the organization needs a few initial costs which are pretty huge. These include higher technology equipments and programs that help design internet advertisements (Kotler & Armstrong, 1996). For customers, sometimes it is a turn off because buying a product without holding it is a little more of a gamble than usual. The sense of touch, sight, smell and taste in some cases is very important for the customer to be able to judge how well the product fits into his/her requirements (Strativity Group, Inc. , 2009). Very importantly, sometimes, the internet becomes so messy and cluttered with ads and information and the advertisement put by the marketer does not remain visible, evident and unique anymore. It becomes part of that clutter and eventually feels annoying and unappealing to the eyes. Keeping everything aside, the biggest curse of internet marketing is the security concern. Information provided by both the marketers and the customers is confidential for them and they do not want it to be disclosed it to anybody (Bitner, 1995); however, when it comes to the internet, nothing is guaranteed – hacking is extremely common. Also, online purchases that charge the money on the credit card before the delivery of the item have no guarantee. There is also no guarantee of the security of the credit card number added to the website for payment (Gentle, 2009) Conclusion My personal opinion is that internet marketing has been a blessing and not a curse for all of us. The reason for this is that as customers, it has helped us mature because of being right there in front of us all the time. Our awareness levels have increased and our understanding of a product and its analysis is just a click away. Everything has become so convenient and quick. It has helped us gain more perspective because information is only a second away. There are issues as well but everything has issues; if the usage is done properly and if a structure which does not have all of the above mentioned issues is developed, then internet marketing can be a complete blessing for all.

What Makes Supply and Demand?

The relationship between supply and demand is considered to be the most essential idea and practice as well as the fundamental foundation in the field of economy. According to a Forbes Digital Company, demand is the measurement or extent of a particular merchandise or service which, in turn, is the one preferred by buyers or specific market. The amount required refers to the monetary worth of a product which the public is prepared to but at a specified cost. Hence, the link between the value and magnitude demanded is what is called the demand relationship (â€Å"Economics Basics: Demand and Supply,† 2008). Meanwhile, supply refers to how much the marketplace can propose. The capacity supplied also corresponds to the quantity of precise superior manufacturers which are ready to supply when getting a particular amount. The relationship between the worth and how much of a specific merchandise of service is provided to the public recognized as the supply relationship and that price, consequently, is a healthy indication of supply and demand (â€Å"Economics Basics: Demand and Supply,† 2008). It is also significant to know that the law of supply exists when all other elements stay to be uniform hence the higher the amount of product and service, the less the public will require for that good. Also, the price that people pay at a higher cost is less due to the link that as the amount of product or service escalates; it goes the same way with the prospect value of purchasing the said god. In effect, humans by nature will be prevented from patronizing a good which compel them to give up the chance of buying a product or service which they definitely treasure more (â€Å"Economics Basics: Demand and Supply,† 2008). Similarly, the law of supply exhibits the measurements which will be retailed at a particular cost. In contrast to the law of demand, however, the supply relationship demonstrates a rising slope when illustrated. Hence, this simply means that the more elevated the cost, the quantity supplied also soars (â€Å"Economics Basics: Demand and Supply,† 2008).

Governance and Ethics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Governance and Ethics - Assignment Example vary within the organisations according to their size and industry specifications, wherein the role of international policy standards like IFRS and FRS play a crucial role. Additionally, the role of board of the directors pertaining to compliance with ethics and corporate governance are similar to that of the functions related to company’s risk management. In general, a standard ethical code entails the company’s mission and vision statements along with the decision-making framework among others (Deloitte LLP, n.d.). In the views of IFC (n.d.), there are few basic advantages of compliance with governance codes and ethical standards. The benefits, such as knowledge dissemination, transparency and flexibility amidst the corporate governance code are associated with compliances and ethics. Concerning the benefits of knowledge dissemination, it can be observed to assist in exploring information about the best practices of corporate governance amidst the organisations. Flexibility amidst the corporate governance code also provides a scope to the organisations to adopt the practices according to the necessity of the stakeholders. Furthermore, transparency is vital for the shareholders to have a brief understanding about the company’s position in the market, which apparently indicates that certain risks are associated with the financial disclosure practices conducted by organisations (Wong, 2008) Accordingly, this report intends to discuss about the compliance and the disclosure of the principle of governance related to a major public company, i.e. Sports Direct Company with focus on the provisions, which the company follows and any non-compliance standard, if persisting in relation to the disclosure practices conducted by the entity through its annual reports and accounts. Furthermore, this study will discuss about the disclosures with regards to the aspect of corporate governance. Apart from this, the study will also assess the company’s risk management

Are organizations rational Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Are organizations rational - Essay Example Given this explanation, organizational rationality is therefore comprehended as identical with the economic efficiency of the managerial unit itself. However, efficiency is also a central organizational requirement for individuals as well as administration (Hertz & Livingston, 2006). This paper tries to prove that organizations are indeed rational systems. Closely tied on the organizational rational is the comprehension of how the structure of authority in organization controls or is affected by individual decisions as well as examining how administrative rationality meet the criteria of limited or bounded rationality. In the discussion of any type of political or organizational theory, in the past the main consideration was accorded to the place of authority both within and outside the organization. Business experts believe that exercising authority in organizations is only possible in the event that an individual allow their decisions to be influenced by decision principles offered to him by a different individual. In addition, this logic of organizational rationality, this authority is evidently that of organizational management (Sapru, 2008). From the above statement, what comes out clearly is that individuals are not capable of influencing their own decisions out of their own free will, but instead, the management is deliberately responsible for moulding this behaviour. For example, the goal recognition of a worker is a product of the placement of the individual within the organization since being a member of an organization changes the person’s behaviour by changing the original premises that characterize his or her choices and verdicts. Employees are therefore expected to match their behaviour with the organizational goals and objectives. An individual decision can therefore be said to be organizationally rational in the event that it is founded on the organization’s goals. However, this creates

The Importance of Translation Experience for Applying to the Position Essay

The Importance of Translation Experience for Applying to the Position of Staff Translator - Essay Example To make such texts I am creative, it means that I can recreate the text to make it understandable for TA. I have an eye for details, so all even small details will be preserved during the translation. I do not mean every language units, some of them translator can omit; because, the sense presents the greatest importance. I am adaptable, therefore I can easily switch the language from one to another. It means that consequent or even simultaneous translation would not be the problem for me. All skills which I have now, I acquired during my education and practice. It means that I aware of the main skills relevant to the position of translator. Though I have no much experience of actually working with languages, I can say that during our practical assignments, translations were carried out clearly and understandable. Moreover, theoretical knowledge means much considering working with languages. Speaking about my personal skills I can underline management skills which allow me to lead a team of translators to bring more effective results and produce translated texts even quicker. Even in the position which supposes independent work, good management skills will be very useful to direct the team to good execution of projects. Management skills also refer to my ability to drive myself to the set aim. One more effective skill that belongs to the personal skills is an ability to maintain good communication. It is useful considering communication with a customer, communication with teammates and at last with an audience, to whom the translation is made. Such skills are inevitable, due to the nature of the profession. All translation is based on the maintaining of communication between two or more people. Therefore, it is good to have such skills considering translation. There are many issues need to be solved during the translation activity and translator should be able to deal with them. Therefore one more effective skill is good problem-solving.  Ã‚  

Britain At The Paris Peace Conference Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Britain At The Paris Peace Conference - Essay Example The overall outcomes of the Conference have been usually labelled as failure, but such view is not fully correct. On the one hand, the treaties signed during the Paris negotiations did fail to secure peace in Europe in the long-term. On the other hand, the problems facing the negotiating parties at that difficult time were too complicated and often defied effective solutions1. However, the fact that some nations participating in the conference benefited more than others from the conditions of peace can hardly be put in question. Analysis of the key provisions negotiated during the Paris Peace Conference convincingly demonstrates that Britain was one of the participants whom managed to have their requirements satisfied to an acceptable extent. Although the common goal of the leaders involved in the Paris negotiations was apparently to restore peace and stability in Europe, the Conference immediately exposed serious disagreement between the Allies concerning how to threat Germany. The views were highly contradictory with the Big Three leaders balancing between the long-term political benefits of their countries, varying interests of their partners, and the public opinions of their nations. French Prime Minister Clemenceau perceived Germany as a potential threat to stability and peace in Europe, and a threat to security of his country. Therefore, France claimed that Germany was obliged to "cover the costs of restoration of invaded territories and repayment of war debts [and that] a long period of stiff repayments would have the added advantage of keeping Germany financially and economically weak"2. Such claim clearly demonstrated the reasonable fear of France that light penalties would result in rapid recovering and further strengthening of Germany. The Fourteen points of President Wilson reflected his highly idealist and pacifist views on the political developments in Europe: perhaps that is why Wilson failed to convince the Allies accept his moderate position on the economic obligations of Germany. On the other hand, Britain was extremely concerned with the revival and further development of international trade which constituted the cornerstone of the country's economic potency3. Lloyd George understood that Germany ruined by excessively hard economic claims of France and other Allies would seriously undermine marketability of British goods in the European market: "While the British government saw 66 million potential German customers, the French government trembled at the prospect of 66 million German soldiers and possible invaders."4. The British representatives also viewed Germany as a potential "barrier-fortress against the Russians"5 and reasonably considered that only country with healthy economy tied by strongly trade-b ased relationships could effectively fulfil such mission. Evidently, while none of the major players had his interests fully satisfied, the economic provisions of the Treaty of Versailles came closer to satisfying the requirements of British delegation. An exact monetary figure Germany was obliged to pay to the Allies never appeared in the Treaty, and despite the claims of Britain and Germany that the terms of reparations were still too harsh, the truth was "the Treaty of Versailles had left [Germany] largely intact, with a population almost double that of France, and

James Fowlers Stages of Faith Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

James Fowlers Stages of Faith - Assignment Example It is also the product of a person’s interactions with other people, whether or not these people nurtured the person’s faith or not. Or, it can also be the result of various personal experiences which may or may not resonate with others but had a profound impact on how a person lives life every day. Thus, regardless of whether a person believes in a supreme being, many creators, or not acknowledging the importance of divine entities, faith is the driving force for people to commit and to move their ways through life’s hardships, trials, and times of happiness and joy (â€Å"Stages of Faith† 4). Fowler’s stages of faith are not a measurement of how good a person is in whatever religion or belief system one belongs to, and that it is only a measurement and approximation of one’s thought patterns with respect to a Higher Being, whether these are complex or simple for one’s age (Fowler and Dell 40). ... s similar to what others believe as well, which in turn makes them think that what they believe in is something common that everyone else thinks of as well (â€Å"Stages of Faith† 153). Also, it has been previously mentioned that many people become stable in this stage and grow quite comfortable with the ceremonial aspects of their religions, accepting everything without question and doubts. However, this is also a stage where the believers can also be harshly critical and judgmental of others whom they believe do not share the same ideas with them, and this can lead to negative reactions and feedback from these â€Å"other† people (152). This is typically due to the fact that people in this stage are not liable to think outside the box, and that doing so makes them feel unworthy and sinful due to questioning their religious leaders and in turn, makes them question God. Such ideas are exemplified in a case study of an acquaintance, and despite the age of late twenties s till seems to be in the synthetic-conventional stage of faith: Marlene (not her real name) has been an active member of the local Catholic Church for as long as she can remember. When she was younger, she attends church with her family every Sunday and every Feast Day, and was a member of the children’s choir who actively participates in each practice session. As she grew older, she also became involved in catechism sessions for younger children before receiving their first holy communion, and she also participates in Sunday schools whenever possible. This was her routine habit until she left to study college in another state. She had many friends and acquaintances in university, and they say that she was a hard-worker and a dedicated student, aside from being their go-to friend whenever they have

The Various Present Day Marketing Perspectives Essay

The Various Present Day Marketing Perspectives - Essay Example E-marketing being a marketing perspective of the current time especially with the advancement of technology has come to be appreciated as a vital tool in the general marketing initiatives of an organization. As time goes by and technology advances e-marketing also changes and so are the approaches to achieving marketing goals and objectives. Currently, there are the mobile technologies like the 3G and PDA’s that have come to shape e-marketing and push the marketing arena to a higher level by incorporating electronic communications technology (Kalyanam 2009). Organisations need to take advantage of this marketing aspect and use the internet to distribute their products, enhancing good customer relations, advertising of products offered and to collect various responses from customers and other stakeholders through comments. An organization should incorporate into their marketing plan various e-marketing tools in order to expand their marketing horizons. In planning for this the organization needs to do a thorough audit in regards to SWOT analysis, analyze the SMART e-marketing objectives, e-marketing strategies, develop tactics that entail the e-marketing mix and thereafter evaluate the e-marketing pan performance to look into various successes and faults (Kalyanam 2009). The field of marketing has been one marred by allegations of failure to uphold ethics in conducting marketing activities like advertising and promotions (Horowitz 2005). One of the major ethical issues relates to pricing strategies that organizations put in place in order to ensure the competitive advantage over the rest. This is a practice well done by big companies and more so multinationals against smaller companies venturing into the same market. Some of the strategies employed are price skimming, bid rigging, and price fixing among others. The pricing strategies woo consumers more than others since the baseline of selling and buying are the price tag of a service or a commodity.  

Instructional strategies & approaches 2 Essay Example for Free

Instructional strategies approaches 2 Essay According to Barbara Gross Davis, author of Tools for Teaching (1993), students learn best when they participate actively in the process. A lot of research has been made on collaborative learning, or learning in groups, and it has been proven that no matter the subject matter, students learn more this way. Working in groups help students learn and retain more about what is taught to them than when they are taught using other means. Davis enumerates three general types of group work. The first type is informal learning groups. These groups aren’t permanent and may be done in a single session. An example of this is asking the students to turn to their seatmate and discuss a particular question. In any case, this kind of grouping may be done in a class of any size at any time to check the level of understanding of the students, give them a way to apply what they have learned or to have a change in the learning pace. The second type is formal learning groups, which can be organized to do specific tasks like writing a report, doing a lab experiment or making a project. The tasks can be completed in one session or over a few weeks, until the students have finished the activity and are given a grade. The last type of group is a study team. Such groups are usually long-term, like a whole semester or course, and have permament members wherein each member is responsible for helping each other to complete course requirements and assignments and to provide support and encouragement. A student with a study team can ask his teammates to update him on classes or activities he might have missed. Study teams are valuable in courses that have a large class size and a complex topic. With that in mind, it is then appropriate to inquire as to how to group these students so that they would learn the most. Davis cites examples on how one could group the students: the teacher can assign randomly so that a mix of different students are in one group; the teacher can let the students choose their groupmates; the teacher, himself, forms the groups taking into account the students’ differences; or the teacher asks the students first on their preferences and then makes assignments. Whichever the case, Davis argues that these types of grouping have their own advantages and disadvantages and can be used depending on circumstance. After all, the teacher cannot assume that just because the students have been grouped and asked to work cooperatively, that they would actually do so. It should always be remembered that a group is composed of different individuals with different personalities, skills, concerns, temperament, etc. Thus, the teacher should be flexible, yet firm, and always ready to give assistance. In addition to considering the combination of students in a group, its size should also be given equal attention. According to researches done by Cooper (1990), Johnson, Johnson, and Smith (1991) and Smith (1986) as cited by Davis, groups with a maximum of five members would work best since a larger number would decrease the opportunity for the group members to actively participate. They also add that the group size should be smaller if the members are less skillful and time available for the group work is shorter. Furthermore, the level of the task should also be considered. Simple tasks like solving a math problem or planting a seedling would be enough for small groups. On the other hand, complex tasks, such as a chemistry experiment that would require students to research and report, are better done by a bigger group (Knowles, 2005). Of course, students are individuals that have different learning abilities. Some teacher group the class according to these abilities. According to the Westchester Institute for Human Services Research (2002), ability grouping is the practice of dividing students according to their perceived learning capacities. The two most common ways of grouping via ability is within-in class grouping and between-class grouping. The former refers to the division of students with the same abilities into small groups. This is usually seen in Math or Reading classes. Between-class grouping refers to division of students into varying courses or classes according to their achievement. In a nutshell, ability grouping caters to the difference between students. Each group formed with this strategy may be using different materials that are unique and will address their needs. In general, research shows that within-class grouping produces better results than mixed ability grouping. Within-class grouping can promote faster learning since the students are learning with people of the same level and pace. Thus, fast learners can cover more topics without being dragged by the slow learners. On the other hand, as learning progresses it is only appropriate that the task difficulty also increase, and in line with that, the group composition and number. A more difficult task would require a larger group to execute successfully. Thus, if a class was previously divided into smaller groups, the teacher can merge these groups to form a larger group. In relation with this, the teacher should again consider the composition of the groups. Ideally, it is better that the group be as heterogenous as possible but should also contain a fair number of the assets, those with previous relevant coursework or language proficient, and liabilities, those with negative attitudes toward the course or language problems, in a class. Whole group instruction is usually used when introducing a new topic, new materials or new strategies to the whole class. In this way, the teacher can build a common experience between the students which can later be an avenue for further exploration of the topic and improvement in their problem solving and other skills (Valentino, 2000). On the other hand, group or collaborative learning cannot always be used despite its good results. Since topics have to be discussed within a certain timeframe, it is very hard to use collaborative learning often since such strategy really takes a lot of time. Thus, for courses that covers a broad, complex topic, like general chemistry or physics, it is advisable to make the students form a study team. For example, in chemistry, experiments may be done by a whole group. They can perform one experiment and help each other analyze their data and understand what they just did. In such a setting, not only will it minimize the concerns of the teacher, it would also help those students who come to class unprepared. At least, with group mates, there would still be an avenue for them to cope with the lesson. Also, Also, collaborative learning would be beneficial if the class size is large. As mentioned earlier, a heterogenous group is ideal. A teacher would want to distribute those who’ve already understood the topic or are fast learners among those that are still coping or having some difficulty. What the teacher can do, then, is determine the students that could be classified among the two groups. Generally, the teacher can determine the ‘assets’ and ‘liabilities’ by observation, diagnostic tests or group dynamics activity or by asking other teachers and his students. Such a technique would ensure that someone in the group knows what’s happening in class and possibly give assistance to his groupmates. In conclusion, group or collaborative learning is very beneficial to students. However, the success of such activities would depend on the composition and size of the group, as well as the level of learning of the students. The teacher should know when to use this strategy and he should be well prepared, organized and flexible when doing so. References Davis, BG. (1993). Collaborative Learning: Group Work and Study Team. Tools for Teaching.Retrieved August 16, 2007, from http://teaching. berkeley. edu/bgd/collaborative. html Knowles, P. (2005). Thoughts on Student Grouping: Teaching Decisions. Retrieved August 16, 2007, from http://www. netc. org/[emailprotected]/classrooms/peter/working/grouping. html Valentino, C. (2000). Flexible Grouping. Retrieved August 31, 2007, from http://www. eduplace. com/science/profdev/articles/valentino. html Westchester Institute for Human Services Research (2002). Ability Grouping. The Balanced View: Research-based information on timely topics. Vol. 6, No. 2.

War Prayer Response Essay Example for Free

War Prayer Response Essay God does not choose sides. The word, choose, is listed in the dictionary as â€Å"to pick by preference.† God has no preferences. He has an all knowing and understanding, compassionate heart, which is free of any illusory appeals. God only serves the beings on earth so as to teach them about themselves. Self-actualization is the only thing that can bring humans into full control over ourselves. Humans often do not understand what it is they hope for; if they were to fully understand the implications of it, they would be unable to continue to stand for the wrong doings they wished to be. This is observed in, Mark Twain’s, War Prayer. In the short story, War Prayer, a messenger of god is sent to explain exactly what a mass of people is praying. The people use euphemisms, seemingly unknowingly, in their chants to ask God for victory in the Philippines, during the Spanish American war. The hymns contained phrases such as â€Å" thunder thy clarion and lighting thy sword.† After the messenger speaks the true meaning of the words, the prayer becomes a romanticized and misrepresented portrayal of the true nature of war. At the very end of the messenger’s address, to the people, he asks them, â€Å"Ye have prayed it, if ye still desire it, speak! The messenger of the most high awaits.† The people respond, or rather lack there of, with silence. The messenger is later thought to be a lunatic. Though God tried to explain to them their actions, they failed to see the truth and benevolent power than enveloped the words. The one who knows, sees, and understands all granted the opportunity of a second chance, and the humans once again took the opportunity for granted. God does not choose sides; he gives those who he wishes to learn the opportunity to do so for themselves.

Critiques of TWAIL Perspective and Investment Law

Critiques of TWAIL Perspective and Investment Law CONSTRUCTIVE APPROACH TOWARDS INVESTMENT LAW CHALLENGING VIEWS OF THE THIRD WORLD APPROACHES The conventional view in western states among international legal scholars is that no comprehensible or distinctive Third World Approach is apparent in international law. While it remains undeniable that certain reoccurring issues trigger the same response from Third World states[1], per scholars the typical view expressed is that disparate strands do not weave together a sort of pattern.[2] Although they are grouped together beneath Third World rubric, it is a constitution of no more than ad hoc responses to discrete issues. The recognition of the Third World approach to any extent can only be categorised as reactive in nature. This is supported by Wolfgang Friedmann who argues that any difference in the approach taken by underdeveloped countries could be explained in terms of their lack of economic and political clout. Likewise, a couple years later the same perspective is argued that instead of challenging international laws fundamental assumptions, the third world scholars are st ill concerned with the responsiveness of international law focusing in regards to their interest.[3] Western scholars that are even sympathetic towards Third World approaches express similar views. For instance, Richard Falk has claimed that even explicit anti-Western works by third world scholars have been in reliance on western approaches in a moderately non-critical manner. Thus, Falk argues that the emergence of distinctive modes of thought and analysis failed to accompany the process of decolonization, or even to follow upon it.[4] Per Falk third world scholars are inclined to avoid any ideological imprint upon their work, as they want it to work scientific in a Western sense.[5] An analogy is created between third world scholars characteristics and Soviet scholars. Soviet scholars were pragmatically oriented towards enabling Soviet bloc participation in the prevailing debates in Western international law circles.[6] TWAIL scholar B.S Chimni supports Falk critique and argues that TWAIL has been stagnant as a critique instead of proposing practical alternatives to the issue. He makes this criticism clear in a passage from his work: While international lawyers from the Third World have challenged, often with success, Western perceptions of the history and content of international law and pointed to the inequitable nature of the body of rules bequeathed from the past, they have failed to propose and articulate an alternative approach which is inclusive and internally consistent. In fact, the matter has not received sufficient consideration. It is, therefore, not unusual to see a Third World scholar speaking of rejecting rules which are prejudicial to the interests of developing countries embracing a theory of international law and world order which seeks to justify and protect the status quo and has little to say about the developing world. This eventually leads him to assume positions which strengthen that which he had set out to fight.[7] A specific example where this perspective is mainly critiqued is from the failures of the NIEO. It is criticised for lacking breadth and Robert Rothstein claimed that short-sighted stance had been taken hence the reason the regime failed. Rothstein argued that instead of the regime being focused on how to create a clear strategy that will have both western and third world states mutual interests and consensual knowledge and technically sound proposals, the focus was on a strategy of confrontation and a demand for the acceptance pf biased and controversial principles[8] This shows that the TWAIL view is limited and has no practical alternatives to revolutionise the injustice upon third world states. Rather their methods are to flip the legal system and turn it into a bias third world system, which will not therefore lead to any justice and harmony within international law. This supports both Falk and Chimni claim of TWAIL lacking pragmatism and having a positive impact. TWAIL LIMITATION AND MORE CONSTRUCTIVE APPROACH TO INVESTMENT REGIME IN INTERNATIONAL LAW Even though the TWAIL critiques has been significant, nonetheless it has been flagged up to have several blind spots.[9] One of the fundamental blind spots flagged is the critique to suggest practical ways to remedy the deficiencies within international law (especially international economic governance). Although jurists do highlight theoretical arguments, it fails to suggest constructive solutions in improving the injustice upon third world states in the international system. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a constructive solution that will also take the third world states interests into account. The desires of the TWAIL perspective should go beyond being a mere instrument of system criticism.[10] It should have the ambition to form a constructive engagement; therefore, it should develop and lay out ideas that could be expressed in practical terms to improve the governance of international investment and economic law.   A key issue developing countries are faced with in international trade has been competitiveness of liberalization.[11] Refers to trade of western countries on preferential terms (PTs) with only chosen developing countries, which is incongruent with GATTs principle of only trading with your most favoured nation. Competitive liberalization is argued to have led to economic success to states such as South Korea (KORUS) and Mexico (NAFTA)[12] who benefited from regional trade agreements (RTA). But this was at the expense of neighbouring states who stayed relatively underdeveloped.[13]Evidentially competitive liberalization has a detrimental impact on other developing states ability to find markets that would give them a competitive and comparative advantage. In this sense TWAIL could be more effective and remedy this issue by spearheading the creation of geographically wider RTAs encompassing regional economic blocs in different parts of the developing world.[14] An example of the possible RTA could be between Economic Community of West African States and Mercado Comà ºn del Sur which would be valuable to both regional blocs. Thus, West African states will be able to supply the cotton, which is in demand in South America, due to the growth of the textile industry, while South Americans vice versa would have a market for electronic goods which is becoming essential in West Africa. This would be an approach that could be implemented to enhance the participation of developing states in international trade. TWAILs concern in the international investment regime is primarily related to the inequality of negotiations within arbitration treaty and International Institutional Agreements. Per TWAIL a practical approach could be implemented on IIAs, for instance with regards to BITs, developing states can create their own models. An example of this is apparent from the SADC (Southern African Development Community) BIT model. SADC BIT model consist of the same characteristics of a traditional BIT, just with the addition of striving more towards an equitable, fair and just participation within the foreign investment regime for third world states. The model is a representation of distinct efforts to enhance a sustainable development dimension of future BITs.[15] Such engagement with the foreign investment regime would create the welcoming environment that developing countries need to enhance participation in the foreign investment regime. Moreover, another unproductive approach from TWAIL within international investment law is the resistance towards investment treaty arbitration. Again, here there is a failure to suggest a constructive approach to rectify this problem that the third world are subject to. As apparent in the case of OCCIDENTAL PETROLEUM CORPORATION v REPUBLIC OF ECUADOR, the withdrawal of Ecuador due to its disregard to the unjust manners of the ICSID did not prevent the ICSID from awarding the largest damages to the investors which was a rough total sum of $1.7 billion plus 6% interest.[16] Consequently a more pragmatic approach for developing states is to implement their own arbitration centres equivalent to the AALCCs regional arbitration centres establishment within the African- Asian region.[17] But this should be done wi th a sustained participation within the current system. The establishments of these centres within the Afro-Asian region has been advantageous as it alleviates concerns of developing states in regards to participating in international arbitration. Besides that, it will promote better engagement in the foreign investment regime and facilitate more participation of developing states in the current system. CONCLUSION This chapter shows that there are flaws within the TWAIL theory and it is a critique perspective rather than a constructive one. Perhaps there are aspects of the investment regime that bring injustice within international law but constructive alternatives methods must be suggested to improve the system. This is where the TWAIL theory is limited and other perspectives such as first world scholars should be analysed before a conclusion can be made regarding the international law being unjust. CONCLUSION This thesis has discussed the accuracy of the TWAIL theory that investment regime in international law is used as another tool to support the domination of the Western world. This commenced by dating the emergence of TWAIL back to decolonisation era and ever since the aim of the theory has been to redirect international laws focus to the plight of developing countries.[18] TWAIL focuses on the significant paradigm shift from the historical relevance of the NEC and NIEO approaches to the regime bias. The regime bias theory has been emblematic of the entire system of international law and is even visible in International Institutions such as Arbitration. The regime bias critique illustrates developing countries sceptical attitudes towards the international economic governance which includes both international trade and foreign investment.   This is because, as Shalakany argues s the regime bias in international law empowers the investors, who come off as winners within the syste m at the expense of ignoring the Third Worlds interest. TWAIL argues that the international institutions increases the ideological gap to ensure that there is unequal participation in the system. Corporations being in control of resources in host states already provides constraints on a step towards a just investment regime. This is because it maintains colonial attitude which makes the Third World states passive rather than active participant in the investment regime. Likewise, the International Functioning Institutions have also helped to maintain the dominance of Western States in International Investment by promoting globalization, and making it a mandatory requirement to for Third World States to adopt privatization programmes to create more favourable investment climates for the investors.[19] Nonetheless a fundamental blind spot[20] of TWAIL critiques is that it fails to offer avenues for a constructive engagement of developing countries in the investment regime in international law. TWAILs shortcomings have highlighted the need for a pragmatic solution instead of just being a mere critique[21] tool of the international law regime. It has been criticised for being very repetitive and staying stagnant on the idea of l law responding to Third World interests instead of challenging the fundamental issues in international law. A more pragmatic approach for developing countries in the investment regime is seeking to alleviate their concerns and enhance their participation in the system. This would pave the way for a more constructive engagement of developing countries in the investment regime of international law and will also prevent the domination of the Western States, as the lack of participation is part of what has enabled the First World to be so powerful. I can conclude from this thesis that the investment regime in international law is subtle in the way it suppresses the developing countries and maintains the interests of the developed countries. Therefore, it makes it challenging to argue that the whole regime is unjust. However, although the TWAIL approach is rhetoric[22] in the nature of its arguments, I agree with the view that part of the key issues that supports the domination of Western States is the amount control they have in the key international institutions; for example, US being the largest shareholder in the World Bank. To constructively solve this issue, it could be argued that the starting point should be reconstructing the rules and process making of these institutions, in order for there to be a fair just and balanced participation between the less developed and developed states. There should then consist of a body who makes checks and balances to ensure that no states acts ultra vires. This would lead to an interna tional law that would reject bias and be based on mutual interests. [1] Karin Mickelson Rhetoric and Rage: Third World Voices in International Legal Discourse16 Wis. Intl L.J. 353 1997-1998 p. 353 [2] Karin Mickelson Rhetoric and Rage: Third World Voices in International Legal Discourse 16 Wis. Intl L.J. 353 1997-1998. p. 353 [3] Patricia Buirette-Maurau, La Participation Du Tiers-Monde , A LElaboration Du Droit International (1983)199-202 [4] Richard Falk, Preface to B.S. Chimni, International Law and World Order: A Critique of Contemporary Approaches 9, (1993). p.9 [5]Richard Falk, Preface to B.S. Chimni, International Law and World Order: A Critique of Contemporary Approaches 9, (1993) p.9 [6] Richard Falk, Preface to B.S. Chimni, International Law and World Order: A Critique of Contemporary Approaches 9, (1993) p.9 [7] Richard Falk, Preface to B.S. Chimni, International Law and World Order: A Critique of Contemporary Approaches 9, (1993) p19 [8] Robert L. Rothstein, Limits and Possibilities of Weak Theory: Interpreting North-South, 44 J. OF INTL AFFAIRS 159, (1990). p.174 [9] John D. Haskell, TRAIL-ing TWAIL: Arguments and Blind Spots in Third WorldApproaches to International Law (Mississippi College School of Law Legal Studies Research Paper No. 7/2014, 2014) pg.18. [10] Antonius R Hippolyte Correcting TWAILS Blind Spots: A Plea for a Pragmatic Approach to International Economic Governance.p.15 [11] C. Fred Bergsten Competitive Liberalization and Global Free Trade: A Vision for the Early 21st Century (Peterson Institute: Institute for International Economics. Working Paper 15/1996, 1996) [12] KORUS trade was an agreement between South Korea and US. NAFTA was a trade agreement between Mexico and North America. [13] Antonius R Hippolyte Correcting TWAILS Blind Spots: A Plea for a Pragmatic Approach to International Economic Governance.p.16 [14] Antonius R Hippolyte Correcting TWAILS Blind Spots: A Plea for a Pragmatic Approach to International Economic Governance.p.16 [15] Antonius R Hippolyte Correcting TWAILS Blind Spots: A Plea for a Pragmatic Approach to International Economic Governance.p.16 [16] 2012 ICSID Case No.ARB/06/11 at paras 824-25. [17] R Rajesh Babu, International Commercial Arbitration and the Developing Countries (2006) 4 AALCO Quarterly Bulletin 386, 398. [18] Antonius R Hippolyte Correcting TWAILS Blind Spots: A Plea for a Pragmatic Approach to International Economic Governance.p.18 [19] Antony Anghie, Time Present and Time Past: Globalization, International Financial Institutions and the Third World. p.256 [20]Antonius R Hippolyte Correcting TWAILS Blind Spots: A Plea for a Pragmatic Approach to International Economic Governance.p.18 [21] Antonius R Hippolyte Correcting TWAILS Blind Spots: A Plea for a Pragmatic Approach to International Economic Governance.p.18 [22] Karin Mickelson, Rhetoric and Rage: Third World Voices in International Legal Discourse (1998) 16 Wis. Intl L.J.

A Murderers Journey Through The Works Of Dostoyevsky And Poe :: essays research papers fc

A Murderer's Journey Through The Works of Dostoyevsky and Poe Some people believe that most murderers have a mental illness which causes them to commit their crime. This belief is strongly disagreed with by the authors Edgar Allan Poe and Fyodor Dostoevsky. Crime and Punishment, â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart†, â€Å"The Black Cat†,and â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† are very similar in this contradiction. Each murderer takes a specific journey that has been illustrated in each case. The psychological make-up of each murderer shows that he is a normal person up to the point at which something compels him to commit this horrible crime, and after that his conscience usually leads to his own downfall. Before the murder has been committed the character is a regular human being. In most cases the characters that end up carrying through with this crime are above average people. Raskolnikov from Crime and Punishment is "... quite an extraordinarily handsome young man..." (Crime and Punishment, pg.21) Raskolnikov is a very gifted university student, with a very good talent for figuring people out. Raskolinikov takes great pride and care for his family. On receiving a letter from his mother ...he quickly raised the letter to his lips and kissed it; then he spent a long time poring over the handwriting on the envelope, over the small, slanting handwriting, so familiar and dear to him, of his mother who had once taught him to read and write. (Crime and Punishment, pg.47) Raskolnikov's mother, who taught him how to read and write did this job quite well. This resulted in a very gifted and brilliant university student. This point is illustrated throughout the novel from the planning and carrying out of the murder, to interactions with the police. The narrator from the short story "The Black Cat" describes his "tenderness of heart was even so conspicuous as to make me the jest of his companions." ("The Black Cat", pg.390) He is quite a regular human being who is "...especially fond of animals..." ("The Black Cat", pg.390) The narrator also has a great wife whom he describes as being quite similar to himself, which shows that he must be quite normal if a good woman chooses to marry him. Much alike is the narrator from the short story "The Tell-Tale Heart". Again this character is full of love. The victim of his crime had done no wrong and for that the narrator "...loved the old man." ("The Tell-Tale Heart", pg.384) The narrator shows the same brilliance in planning the crime that Raskolnikov exhibits. People with great intelligence, great lives, possessions and friends must be normal people.

Music of the Romantic Period Essay -- Music Analysis

Ludwig van Beethoven, the famous German born composer and pianist, composed the Romance in F major in 1798. It was likely first performed in that year, but was not published until 1805 in Vienna. It was originally written for violin and orchestra but the edition being performed today was transcribed and edited for saxophone and piano by Peter Saiano. During this period of his life, Beethoven was still known as perhaps the greatest pianist in existence and he was busy touring Europe as a performer. He had not yet achieved the status he now holds as a composer, and during this period he was also working on his first set of string quartets. Romance in F major contains several technical passages for the saxophonist that include lengthy passages with difficult articulation. This piece also contains several altissimo notes that are above the standard range of the saxophone and are troublesome to even the most advanced saxophonist. The goal of the saxophonist in this piece is to imitate the sound of the violin as closely as possible because the saxophone was not yet invented in Beethoven's time. Joseph Kerman, et al. Beethoven, Ludwig van. In Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online, http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/40026pg4 (accessed February 6, 2011). Claude Debussy, a well known French composer, is perhaps the greatest composer of the late Romantic style of music emerging around the beginning of the twentieth century. Debussy is well known for bringing the impressionist style of painting into the realm of music and he was at first flattered with the comparison. He later became frustrated with the general public referring to the whole of his music as impressionistic. The circumstan... ...ntal music he had written for the play The Flying Doctor. The title of the piece comes from the name of the theater in which the play was originally performed. Milhaud showed some resentment toward Scaramouche because of its immense popularity in comparison to his other works. The piece remains a standard in the classical saxophonist's repertoire regardless. Works Cited Breitrose, Henry and Darius Milhaud. 1970. Conversation with Milhaud. Music Educators Journal 56, no. 7 (March). http://www.jstor.org/stable/3392748 (accessed February 6, 2011). Scaramouche. The Oxford Dictionary of Music, 2nd ed. rev., edited by Michael Kennedy. In Oxford Music Online, http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/opr/t237/e9002 (accessed February 5, 2011). Wright, Craig, and Bryan Simms. 2006. Music in Western Civilization. Belmont: Thomson Schirmer.

Samsung Electronics

Submitted by: Aneesa Amjad INTRODUCTION6 SAMSUNG VALUE AND CODE OF CONDUCT6 Business Principles7 ?We promote health and safety. 7 ?We are a socially responsible corporate citizen. 7 ?We comply with laws and ethical standards. 7 ?We maintain a clean organizational culture. 7 ?We respect customers, shareholders and employees. 7 ?We care about environment. 7 Samsung Values8 ?People8 ?Excellence8 ?Change8 ?Integrity8 ?Co-prosperity8 Samsung Philosophy9 NEW VISION9 HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT9 Vision and Mission10 HRD Philosophy10 JOB ANALYSIS11 RECRUITMENT11 Recruitment tools11 Newspapers:11 Online Recruitment (e-cruitment):11Educational Institutes:12 E-mails:12 4/5 Grade Recruitment12 Selection process12 Application Form12 Document Screening13 SSAT13 Interview13 Physical examination14 Join Samsung14 3 Grade Recruitment14 Person with career and doctorate possessors14 ?Samsung Shared Value program (SVP)15 ?Samsung Business Leader Program (SLP)15 ?Samsung Global Expert Program (SGP)15 SAMSUN G RESEARCH CENTER16 MANAGERIAL DEVEOPMENT AND TRAINING16 TRAINING AND DEVELOPING16 HRD PROGRAMS17 ?SVP New employee Orientation17 ?SVP Samsung summer festival17 ?SLP17 ?Samsung MBA Course17 ?SLP Executive development Course18 SLP Senior Executive development Course18 ?SGP18 ?SGP Regional Specialist course18 ?SGP Premier Course19 ?SGP Overseas Country Manger Development Course19 ?SGP Global Leader Course19 ?SGP Language Course19 EDUCATION IN 201020 PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL20 EMPLOYEE BENEFITS21 ?Group insurance21 ?Physical exams21 ?Financial aid for medical costs21 ?Congratulatory/condolence pay21 ?Use of leisure facilities21 EMPLOYEE HEALTH22 Employee Health and Disease Management22 ?Health Research Center22 ?Mental Health22 ?Employee Health Management23 EMPLOYEE WORK-LIFE BENEFITS23 ?Work & Life Balance23 RETIREMENT BENIFITS23 Outplacement Program23 ?Major Reasons of Retirement24 COMPENSATION PLANS24 LABOR POLICIES25 ?Child Labor and Forced Labor25 ?Labor Union Policy and Labor Counci l25 INTERVIEW QUESTIONS26 Exhibits31 Staffing Manager33 Samsung Electronics America- Ridgefield Park, NJ (Greater New York City Area)33 Job Description33 Desired Skills & Experience34 INTRODUCTION From its beginning as a small export business in Taegu, Korea, Samsung has grown to become one of the world’s leading electronics companies, specializing in digital appliances and media, semi-conductors, memory, and system integration.Today Samsung’s innovative and top quality products are world recognized. It’s a global company with approximately 190,000 employees and is operating in 61 countries worldwide. SAMSUNG VALUE AND CODE OF CONDUCT Samsung Electronics is fully committed to complying with local laws and regulation as well as applying a strict global code of conduct to all employees. With an aim to become one of the most ethical companies in the world that is respected by its stakeholders, Samsung Electronics continue to train its employees and operate monitori ng systems while practicing fair corporate management.The code of conduct includes elimination of nationality or gender discrimination, transparent disclosure of business information, customer information protection and partner collaboration. All of Samsung Electronics employees will have to follow this code of conduct in their relationship with their colleagues and customers. Business Principles Samsung Electronics announced the Five Samsung Business Principles† in 2005, and it serve as the foundation for its global code of conduct in compliance with legal and ethical standards. (Exhibit 1) These five business principles are as follows: We promote health and safety. * We are a socially responsible corporate citizen. * We comply with laws and ethical standards. * We maintain a clean organizational culture. * We respect customers, shareholders and employees. * We care about environment. Samsung Values Samsung believes that the key to good business is to live by strong values. A t Samsung, code of conduct and these core values are at the heart of every decision they make. (Exhibit 1) * People At Samsung, a company is its people and they are dedicated to giving their people a lot of opportunities to reach their full potential. * ExcellenceEverything they do at Samsung is driven by a passion for excellence and a persistent commitment to develop the best products and services on the market. * Change In today’s world due to globalization, change is constant and innovation is very important for a company’s survival. And Samsung have done that for 70 years, they set their sights on the future, predicting market needs and demands so that they can achieve long term success. * Integrity The foundation of their business is that they operate in an ethical way. Everything they do is guided by a moral compass that ensures fairness and respect for all stakeholders. Co-prosperity A business cannot be successful if it does not create prosperity and opportunit y for others. Samsung is socially and environmentally responsible corporate citizen in every community where they operate around the globe. Samsung Philosophy At Samsung, they follow a simple business philosophy: to devote their talent and technology to creating superior products and services that contribute to a better global society. Everyday their people bring this philosophy to life. Their leaders search for the brightest talent from around the world, and give them the resources they need to be the best at what they do.The result is that all of their products have the power to improve lives. (Exhibit 1) NEW VISION â€Å"Inspire the world, create the future† This new vision shows that Samsung Electronics is committed to inspire the world by leveraging Samsung’s three key strengths: â€Å"New Technology†, â€Å"Innovative Products†, and â€Å"Creative solutions. † and to promote new value for Samsung’s core networks—Industry, Partne rs and Employees. (Exhibit 2) Samsung has planned to become one of the world’s top five brands by 2020. Samsung has also established three strategic approaches in its management, â€Å"Creativity, Partnership, and Talent.HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT To achieve long term goals, human resource department plays a very important role. Employees are its most important asset. Human resource department plays a crucial role in the company’s success. Samsung Electronics believes that human resources and technology development both have separate functions and both are important to overall quality management. For the success of Samsung electronics it is very important that all employees enjoy doing their jobs and gets along with each other in the company.Vision and Mission Samsung has its own Human Resources Development Center. The aim of Samsung Human Resources Development Center is to become the world’s best HRD center and to develop people with creativity, passion and a c hallenging spirit who will make Samsung the world’s leading company in the 21st century. Samsung HRD Center devotes itself to carry the management philosophy into practice, spread Samsung Values, play a centripetal part to bring the values and actions of Samsung people toward one direction, lead the creative innovation nd change in the global era, and support the global management as the leader of the globalization. HRD Philosophy Since its foundation, Samsung has focused on and respected people with â€Å"A company is its people†. Samsungs management philosophy and traditions have become the key driving force of materializing its continuous growth and making it one of the world’s best companies. Since its introduction to open recruitment system in 1957, Samsung has developed its people in earnest. For about 50 years, Samsung has continued its history and tradition of developing people.After Samsung HRD established HoAm-Kwan in 1982 and Chang Jo Kwan in 1991 to implement â€Å"Samsung with high potentials† as the birthplace of educating Samsung people, they have played an important role of maintaining, succeeding, and developing the culture of Samsung. JOB ANALYSIS When a new position is established, the Human Resources department prepares a job analysis clearly identifying the positions responsibilities and overall relationship to the company. (Exhibit 3) RECRUITMENT Samsung Research Center intends to recruit, hire and place applicants on the basis of the applicant’s relative knowledge, skills and abilities.The decision to employ an applicant will be based solely on the individual’s qualification for the particular position along with other requisite job skills. Recruitment tools Upon getting informed the HRM Department invites a wide pool of applicants through any or all of the following mediums. Newspapers: Vacancies are advertised on leading newspapers. Online Recruitment (e-cruitment): Application forms are availa ble online at Samsung website and interested candidates can fill and submit them online. Educational Institutes:The HRM Department conducts annual job fairs in various educational institutes in which presentations about job prospects and the company is given. E-mails: Interested candidates can email their CVs to HRM Department, which are then collected in a file and consulted whenever job opportunities arise. 4/5 Grade Recruitment This is the recruitment for the production/manufacture class. It proceeds with announcement when there are vacancies. The selection process is given below: Selection process Application Form Document Screening SSATInterview Physical Examination Join Samsung Application Form The employment application is candidate’s first chance to present his qualifications to the organization. As such, it is extremely critical for his/her continued participation in the examination process. Before beginning, one has to review thoroughly what the Job Announcement spe cifies as the requirements to qualify for the position. Candidate must meet these criteria to be considered for the position; ensure that, otherwise candidate will be wasting his/her effort in completing the application.Document Screening They screen the documents provided by applicants on the basis of job requirement. Those who do not fulfill job requirements are screened out during this step. Those who are passed through this step have to take Global Samsung aptitude test. SSAT Samsung aptitude test is designed to determine level of technical and/or analytical abilities associated with the particular position for which candidate had applied. Interview The List of Eligible Candidates is established after SSAT and then it is sent to the Department(s) that is hiring to fill a current vacancy.The Department Head is responsible for setting up selection interviews. Further the management of Samsung takes three types of interviews 1. First interview is taken by the HR manager which they name as â€Å"initial interview. 2. Manager of department, HR Manager and two V. P takes the second interview. 3. Structured sequential interview is taken by HR manager and C. E. O The Department Head will be looking for the candidate with the best qualifications for the particular position. Physical examinationThe candidates who are selected to fill the vacancy will undergo a medical examination, drug screen, background investigation, and a probationary period before attaining permanent employment status. Join Samsung After checking all physical exams, medically fit candidates are called to fill the vacancy. 3 Grade Recruitment This is the recruitment for Management/the Management support department, various Research and Development organizations. It is processed with dear Samsung job advertisement. The same selection process is being followed for 3 grade recruitment as well.Person with career and doctorate possessors When there is a vacancy in each department, the resume of appli cants are reviewed by the HR department and they make contact with the applicant on the individual basis. Application Form Individually contact with applicants Interview Physical Examination Join Samsung HRD STRATEGY To create innovation and challenge, Samsung HRD center develops human resources by the following three programs: SVP, SLP and SGP * Samsung Shared Value program (SVP) To achieve â€Å"Samsung toward one direction† by sharing Samsung values (Future Management) cultivate next generation leaders Samsung Business Leader Program (SLP) To become â€Å"world leading company† by developing leaders of the next generation (Trust Management) Share core values of Samsung * Samsung Global Expert Program (SGP) To achieve â€Å"Global Samsung† by developing global competencies (Globalized Management) Develop Global Competency SAMSUNG RESEARCH CENTER Samsung Research center is an innovative organization offering unlimited opportunity to those who struggle to develo p and grow to their fullest potential. They work together to bond individual achievement with company goals.The rewards for superior performance come personally as well as professionally. To create an environment where everybody feels a close relationship with the company, understands its policies and operation is one of the priorities of Samsung research center. MANAGERIAL DEVEOPMENT AND TRAINING Samsung electronics have in- house development center (human resource development center) and universities. They combine classroom learning (lectures and seminars) with other techniques such as assessment centers. TRAINING AND DEVELOPINGSamsung Electronics assesses individual work capabilities according to job function and offers a wide range of training opportunities to nurture all employees into experts in their respective fields. To provide all employees, including those based overseas, with access to comparable levels of training programs regardless of location, they have set up a glob al education portal and mobile education system led by the HR Development Center, and diverse programs are offered through training departments according to business division and work function.There are a lot of programs which Samsungs’ HR department follows to train and develop their employees and they are as follows: HRD PROGRAMS * SVP New employee Orientation This course is to develop Samsung people for the 21st century to have the basic quality for Samsung people and proper business creed. The 4 week course helps new recruits understand the history, tradition, key values, and management philosophy of Samsung, in addition to building teamwork, creativity, and a challenging spirit through various experimental learning. * SVP Samsung summer festivalThis festival is to enhance group identity and pride as Samsung people, CEOs of affiliates, new executives, global leaders in overseas offices and branches, representatives from various classes as well as new recruits participate in this course, which is held every June, and this course acts as a cultural and value group activity for all. * SLP It develops high potentials who will lead the future of Samsung and fosters them as the leaders of the next generation. * Samsung MBA Course This course is to expand the pool of potential leaders of the next generation of Samsung.Every year since 1995, Samsung has selected qualified Samsung people and allowed them to study in famous overseas or local business schools for two years to learn practical management knowledge and global management. * SLP Executive development Course This course is to develop the leaders of the next generation who have global competitiveness and all around management competency. Qualified general managers learn global business management competency, leadership development, and problem solving in the field via action learning through this five month course. SLP Senior Executive development Course This course is to encourage the management lea ders of the next generation who have strategic thinking abilities and management insight. Elite senior executives learn business modules to boost their global competitiveness and advance leadership development focusing on value, and perform various activities through action learning in this four month course. * SGP It is Samsungs global competency enhancement program that develops global business competency and foreign language skills. * SGP Regional Specialist courseThis course is to develop global experts with global sense as the spearheads of globalization in the 21st century. Since 1990, every year, qualified Samsung people have been dispatched to the world including North America, Europe, china, Japan, East Asia, West Asia, and Central and South America for 1 year to acquaint themselves with local business customs and cultures through various experiences for localization of Samsung people. * SGP Premier Course This course is to encourage global leaders who have excellent foreig n language ability and global business competency.For foreign language ability, Samsung people focus on learning how to communicate effectively and speak in foreign languages at the advanced level. For business competency, they focus on developing their global business skills through the best practices of management and learning how to accept different cultures. * SGP Overseas Country Manger Development Course This course is to develop global leaders and executives for overseas offices. Samsung people who will be and are already dispatched to overseas offices learn the practical management and management research for their overseas offices, leadership development and global mind. SGP Global Leader Course This course is to provide overseas executives and managers with a deeper understanding of Samsung values to enhance awareness of a shared value community. The course’s highlight is to participate in the Samsung Summer Festival at the end of the course. * SGP Language Course S amsung people who will be dispatched to overseas offices or they have to handle foreign related works learn ten weeks of English, Japanese, Chinese or Spanish to enhance the foreign language ability. EDUCATION IN 2010 Samsung Electronics continues to enhance employee competencies by utilizing online and offline education programs.Education enhances the effectiveness of employees by offering more online and mobile course. PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL Samsung Electronics evaluates performance of all its employees against a consistent goal. Required capabilities by position are identified, based on which capability performance is conducted. The jobs are evaluated on yearly basis under 360o method; the competent employees are rewarded in shape of promotions, bonus, increments and annual holidays and promotion. The results of an appraisal can be used to identify areas for further development of the employee.The organization also uses different questionnaires, which consist of numerous questions about the behavior of the employee, and then on the basis of these answers personality of the employee is judged. When evaluation is made the unsatisfactory performers are given warning. The employee after warning is put under observation, for some period of time and if the employees’ performance is still unsatisfied then are demoted or fired. Samsung SDI has institutional means up and running to guide fair and understandable evaluation and for the evaluated to defend themselves.If the evaluated submits an application to file a protest within five days after disclosure of evaluation results, HR committee is convened with the evaluator and the evaluated present and adjusts the results, if necessary. INCENTIVE PLANS Individual performance determines individual capability reward and group performance determines Productivity Incentive (PI) and Profit Sharing (PS). EMPLOYEE BENEFITS They offer benefits to their employees required by law as well as internal benefit programs to enh ance quality of life for employees.Both regular employees and those working on contract basis can take advantage of numerous benefits which include: (Exhibit) * Group insurance * Physical exams * Financial aid for medical costs * Congratulatory/condolence pay * Use of leisure facilities In 2010, they increased the physical exam components to promote the health of employees. Other benefits offered to employees are as follows: EMPLOYEE HEALTH Samsung Electronics makes every effort to create a safe and pleasant work environment. All of their production plants have obtained OHSAS18001 certification for occupational health and safety management system.Senior executives of the company have special interest in recent concerns on workers’ cancer risk. From July 2010, they have commissioned a leading international environment and health consultancy to conduct an epidemiologic survey to ensure objectivity and transparency in the survey findings. This objective investigation is expected to cover every possible cause and clear up suspicions completely. Employee Health and Disease Management * Health Research Center They have opened the health research center in April 2010.The Samsung Electronics Health Research Center was established under the Semiconductor Business to carry out mid- and long-term research projects related to employees’ health and wellbeing. The center is manned by researchers in health sciences, medicine, chemical engineering, pharmacology and nursing. It is conducting research into matters such as hazardous chemical substances, work environment and epidemiology, and new substance manufacturing processes. * Mental Health They have expanded psychological evaluations in the regular physical exam from 2011 to help employee’s better cope with emotional strain and stress.The evaluations will check whether employees suffer from any conditions caused by stress related to problems with work or their personal lives. If necessary, employees wi ll be able to receive professional counseling based on online and offline diagnoses. These measures help employees lead healthy and productive lives. * Employee Health Management As part of efforts to promote employees' health and maintain a pleasant work environment, they offer customized health management programs including programs for weight loss, smoking cessation and emotional health.They also operate a center for the prevention of musculoskeletal diseases which allows employees to check their spinal health. (Exhibit ) EMPLOYEE WORK-LIFE BENEFITS * Work ; Life Balance Work hours are continuously monitored at Samsung Electronics to promote work-life balance. In particular, they have introduced a flexible time program for administrative staff so they can set their own work hours to enhance quality of work life. Work hours at the global production subsidiaries are adequately managed according to local employment standards nd the Electronic Industry Citizenship Coalition (EICC) gu idelines. RETIREMENT BENIFITS * Outplacement Program Up through 2010, they have provided assistance for 2,216 retiring employees find new jobs or start a business through the career development centers. In 2010, they signed an agreement with the Korea Federation of Small and Medium Business to help seasoned specialists find new jobs at small and mid-size enterprises. In 2011, they offered career planning courses for incumbent employees. (Exhibit) * Major Reasons of RetirementKorea Overseas 1. Study 1. Change of Occupation 2. Change of Occupation 2. Family Reason 3. Health Problem 3. Study 4. Domestic Affairs 4. Health problem 5. Contract Expiration 5. Dissatisfied with Type of Work COMPENSATION PLANSIn 2010, Samsung Electronics made upward adjustments in the salaries of all employees and applied a system of accumulated annual salary for individual workers to differentiate compensation according to performance. Samsung’s compensation scheme is based on ‘compensation wi thout discrimination and compensation for performance’ to ensure internal impartiality and external competitiveness. Those on the same position are given same amount of base salary disregarding gender, nationality, religion, social status, and age. On top of it, differentiated compensation is made according to individual performance.LABOR POLICIES * Child Labor and Forced Labor Discrimination, forced labor and child labor are prohibited in accordance with articles 4, 6 and 16 of the company’s rules of employment. In addition, they strictly abide by the 24 ILO conventions ratified by the Korean government. In 2010, there were no violations of laws and regulations related to child labor and forced labor. * Labor Union Policy and Labor Council Samsung’s basic HR policy is summarized in the following statement: â€Å"The workers and the company will cooperate for mutual advancement based on the principles of co-existence, co-prosperity and harmony. Samsung Electron ics strives to provide superior working conditions relative to its peers so that employees do not feel the need for a labor union. All of their business sites across the globe have a labor council to facilitate dialogue between labor and management. Other major communication channels include the GWP committee and safety council. Each of their business sites in Korea has a worker council. Each worker council holds at least one regular meeting per quarter. The council also gathers when the need arises to discuss matters such as salary adjustments.It enables grievances and requests to be swiftly conveyed to management so that the necessary corrective measures can be pursued. Due consideration was given to employees’ requests to improve the work environment. In 2010, the worker council addressed several issues through expanding the flexible time program, establishing infrastructure for stress relief, and improving office environment. INTERVIEW QUESTIONS ———â €”————————————- What are Samsung values and code of conduct? ————————————————- _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ What tools do you use to recruit job candidates?Like do you use advertising, employment agencies, college recruiting or some other method? _________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Do you prefer outside candidates or inside candidates? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ What types of test do you use to measur e a wide range of candidate attributes? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Do you check applicant’s background before selecting him? ————————————————- __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ What is the selection process of Samsung? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ What type of interviews is done at Samsung? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ What is the HRD strategy of Samsung? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___ ————————————————- What is the function of Samsung Research Center? ————————————————- ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ What are HRD programs implemented for training and developing employees? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ What education programs are being offered at Samsung? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ What types of benefits are being offered to employees at Samsung? _____________________________________________________________________________

Pathophysiology Of Hypertension Therapeutic Intervention Health And Social Care Essay

The normal scope of blood force per unit area in a healthy individual is 120/90 millimeter Hg. Clinically a individual is said to be hypertensive if their blood force per unit area is 140/90 millimeter Hg or supra, on two separate occasions. ( 1 & A ; 2 ) The left ventricle of a hypertensive individual is enlarged due to the increased work burden on the bosom. This increases the oxygen demand of the cardiac musculus. In order to run into this increased demand, the coronary circulation increases the cardiac end product ( 1 ) Imbalance in cardiac end product volume and peripheral opposition leads to a rise in blood force per unit area. ( 3 ) . Cardiac end product is defined as the volume of blood pumped from the bosom and Entire peripheral opposition is the opposition of flow of blood in smaller arteriolas and ) viscousness of blood ( 1 & A ; 2 ) There are two chief types of high blood pressure viz. primary ( indispensable high blood pressure and secondary high blood pressure. In primary high blood pressure, high blood force per unit area is non accompanied by an implicit in disease. Secondary high blood pressure is a rise in arterial blood force per unit area due to an implicit in disease, examples include nephritic and neurotic diseases Early surveies of high blood pressure showed that there was a little addition in cardiac end product before any alteration in peripheral opposition. ( 3 ) From these findings it was suggested that the cardic end product ab initio rises due to sodium and H2O retension, this leads to an autoregulatory rise in peripheral opposition. The cardiac end product so fell once more as a consequence of cardiovascular physiological reactions, nevertheless the blood force per unit area remained somewhat elevated To understand the pathophysiology of high blood pressure, it is of import to understand the mechanisms involved in modulating blood pressure.i.e. The homeostatic mechanisms that taken topographic point ( 92 ) Baroreceptors detect a alteration in force per unit area. Figure 1 shows the neurogenic mechanism triggered by high blood pressure. When the force per unit area rises an afferent signal is sent to the vasomotor system, in the myelin oblongata of the encephalon. This consequences in cut downing motorial sympathetic activity taking in arterial dilation and decreased myocardial contractility, therefore seeking to return force per unit area to its original value. In chronic high blood pressure the homeostatic physiological reactions are reset to a higher degree [ 4 ] The mechanism of indispensable high blood pressure is non wholly known and is a subject that is presently under research. ( 88 )Assorted factors regulate blood force per unit area, these include.A break in one or more of these could be a possible cause for high blood pressure[ 3 ] Factors that are linked to primary high blood pressure are environmental factors, organic structure weight, intoxicant consumption, dietetic factors, exeThere is a important relationship between kidney disease and high blood pressure.Renin is an enzyme, and is chiefly found in the juxtaglomerular setup in the kidney. ( Fig )The secernment of renin is initiated by a lessening in perfusion force per unit area in the kidney and alterations in Na concentration of the distal cannular fluid.As shown in fig. Renin catabolises angiotensinogen, a protein from the liver, and signifiers angiotensin I. Angiotensin I is activated by angiotonin change overing enzyme and as a consequence it yields Angiotensin II. Angioten sin II is 40 times more powerful in raising blood force per unit area as compared to noradrenalin. The renin-angiotensin system is besides thought to modulate the elimination of Na by the kidneyPhaeochromocytoma is a tumor of the adrenal secretory organ which causes increased secernment of the endocrine epinephrine. This leads to an increased arterial force per unit area. This is an illustration of secondary high blood pressureReflux neuropathy is a nephritic disease where the kidneys get disrupted due to the backward flow of piss in the kidney. The image below shows an affected arteria ( 172 )( 3 )Factors that increase the hazard of[ 10 ] ..et Al suggested that high blood pressure should be seen as a multifactorial inflammatory disease. The survey showed that inflammatory processes play an of import function in prolonging systematic high blood pressure [ 10 ]( 600 )There are legion interventions for high blood pressure.Primary high blood pressureWhile sing the usage of drugs, we sh ould do certain that the drug is†¦ i.e. its benefits outweighs its side-effects.Figure aa‚ ¬ † demoing systems responsible for the homeostatic control of blood force per unit area together with mark sites for anti-hypertensive drugsBeginning: [ 6 ]As shown in Fig the sympathetic nervous system, the rennin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and the tonically-active endothelium derived autocoids are the chief systems responsible in the ordinance of high blood pressure. [ 6 ]Mentioning to fig and postpone 1[ 6 ][ 11 ] Recently†¦ et Al performed a complete Pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and clinical rating of the drug aliskiren. The survey showed that Aliskiren was a prospective anti-hypertensive drug [ 11 ][ 7 ] †¦ et Al showed that usage of initial combination therapy of the drugs aliskiren and amlodipine for the control of blood force per unit area improves early eA?A ¬a‚ ¬ectiveness and is more effectual to each monotherapy in early control of bl ood force per unit area [ 7 ]The intervention of high blood pressure by drugs is most effectual when accompanied with lifestyle alterations including regular exercising, healthy diet, weight and intoxicant decrease and no smoke.Drug intervention for high blood pressure is non really effectual in all patients..et Al showed that pharmacological intervention was merely effectual on tierce of patients enduring from high blood pressure. The survey concluded that there was a important relationship between psychological factors and hapless high blood pressure control [ 8 ][ 12 ] †¦ showed that 60-70 % of high blood pressure in grownups is caused by fleshiness and suggested mechanisms such as insulin opposition, Na keeping, increased sympathetic nervous system activity, activation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone, and altered vascular map are obesity-relatedhigh blood pressure. †¦ suggested that consciousness of the disease is the most reasonable long term solution [ 12 ]( 183 )In decision, high blood pressure is a multifactorial disease, that is caused by a figure of factors including environmental factors, genetic sciences, lifestyle etc. The mechanism of high blood pressure is a subject which is still being researched. Depending upon the implicit in disease and the badness, secondary high blood pressure may be able to be treated surgically.Primary high blood pressure if diagnosed at an early phase can be combated with medical specialties and simple alterations like regular exercising, healthy low salt and low fat diet, reduced alcohol consumption etc.( 80 )

Blaine Kitchenware Case Study Answers Essay

1. ABOUT THE COMPANY Blain Kitchenware, Inc. (BKI), founded in 1927, is a mid-sized producer of small appliances for residential kitchens. BKI has an approximate 10% market share of the $2.3 billion U.S. market for small kitchen appliances, with 65% of sales originating from the US market. The company is public since 1994, and the majority of the shares is controlled by the founder’s family (62% of outstanding shares), who also have a strong representation in the board of directors. Mr. Dubinski – the CEO since 1992 and great-grandson of one of the founders, successfully completed an IPO in 1994 and gradually moved the production abroad in the early 90s. BIK`s current strategy is to complement its product offerings by acquiring small independent manufacturers or the kitchen appliance product lines of larger diversified manufacturers. The financial data at the end of 2006 reflects a strong financial position: The company has raised nearly no debt, it is very liquid, but also under-levered. BKI is one of the strongest companies in this industry in terms of EBITDA margin (22% in 2006), high level of cash holdings and no debt. However, the shift toward higher-end product line could not prevent the margins from a slight decline over the last three years. This was mainly explained by the integration costs and inventory write-downs due to the acquisitions completed so far. The other reason was that its organic revenue growth had suffered in recent years, as some of the core products lost market share. The growth of the top line was mainly due to the acquisitions. BKI’s annual return on equity is significantly below that of its publicly traded peers: 11% compared to an average of 25,9 and a median of 19.5 %. Now the over-liquid and under-levered BKI is facing strong pressure from a private equity group interested in buying the company`s common stock. Thus, the CEO considers a stock repurchase to avoid a hostile takeover. The company decided to distribute all excess cash as a dividend. The second step will be the recapitalization plan to hold permanently $ 300m of debt on the balance sheet, which is a difficult decision due to the first sign of the mortgage crisis. Moreover, the company expects annual revenue decline of 4%  in 2007-2009, and a permanent 2% growth rate afterwards. 2. METHODOLOGY AND VALUATION From a company`s perspective, the benefit of debt is the tax shields created, which are captured by equity holders. The family-controlled company in our case has little experience with holding debt and the board of directors might not easily accept the restructuring plan. What they should know is that the right amount of debt increases the firm’s value and discourages the takeovers. However, a too-high level of debt can lead to financial distress, lower credit rating, and higher interest expenses. For BIK, the credit rating regressed from A (Iteration 1) to A- (Iteration 10), accordingly changing the credit spread from 1.40% to 1.65%. Our aim is to asses the how the proposed recapitalization will affect the enterprise value, after the distribution of the excess cash as dividends, by using APV. We estimate the present value of the firm as if it were all-equity financed (VU), then we add the present value of tax shield associated with the new debt (permanent debt with market value of 300 mln USD), and subtract the present value of bankruptcy costs. We have to estimate expected after-tax operating cash flows , the expected tax shields and discount them at two different discount rates: (unlevered cost of capital) and (usually , cost of debt). For the present value of the bankruptcy costs, we have to first estimate the risk-neutral probability of default of the company. VL = VU + PV (future tax shields from debt) – PV (bankruptcy costs),  or rewritten as  threshold coverage ratio for default  probability of firm default conditional on surviving up to a specified period We start with a forecast of expected after-tax operating cash flows. We assume the annual 4% decline in revenues between 2007 and 2009 from the 2006 level, and a permanent 2% growth afterwards. Analysing the historical values of the operating margins from the Income Statement, we forecast values for the 2007-2009 period. The executives of BKI expect the firm to achieve operating margins at least as high as the historical ones. Thus, we took averages and slightly adjusted them toward higher values. Since the declining tendency in the last three years was cause by integration costs and inventory write-downs associated with acquisitions, which already have been completed. To the EBIT, estimated by using those margins, subtract the taxes, Capex, adjust for Depreciation, Amortization and change in Working capital. The capital expenditures were just over $10m on average per year. The company is expecting the Capex remain modest. Thus, we assumed a Capex of $10m for the next three years. We estimated Net Working Capital by using the average ratio of NWC/Net income of the last three years. Finally, we come up with the value for the operating after-tax operating cash flows for the next three years and the terminal value. We calculate the present value of these cash flows by discounting by the unlevered cost of capital, rU given as 8.7%, which gives us a value of the unlevered firm of ca. $566m. Secondly, we estimate the expected tax shields from the debt level: a permanent amount of $300m market value, and a constant tax rate of 40%. Then we calculate their present value using the appropriate discount rate reflecting the risk, rT (or rD). For the bankruptcy cost, we have the percentage of the unlevered-firm value of 20%, but for the present value, we need to estimate the risk-neutral probability of default q. This probability is calculated iteratively starting from the coverage ratio (EBITt-1 / Interest Expense). We match the coverage ratio number with the corresponding credit rating, which then has a corresponding default. This gives us the yield on debt y, the cost of debt rD, and the risk-neutral probability of default q. The formula for q is q=  where Ï  is the recovery rate in case of default, given here as 41%. In order to calculate the expected interest coverage ratio, we took the average EBIT between 2007 and 2009 for the mean of pre-tax cash flows, as well as the according standard deviation, since our estimation is future based. 2. SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSION We can conclude that by raising debt of $300m the company would be better of, since the value of the levered firm would be 16% higher that the value of the unlevered firm and will discourage the takeovers. However, the sensitivity analysis gives us an optimal value of debt of $354m, which would lead to an optimal ratio between the PV of tax shields and bankruptcy costs and, thus, a value of maximal levered firm of $680m, given that our assumptions for AVP will be realized in the future.